How the Fictional World Came to Be
For centuries and generations, specific "elite" bloodline families have been manipulating the political and economic systems of the world in order to confiscate the wealth of the people, becoming fabulously wealthy while bankrupting most nations in the process. These wealthy families, working together as a cabal, organized the current economic system that has enslaved us for the past 100 years. Their plans came to fruition on Dec. 23, 1913 when, while most of Congress was out on holiday, a small group of traitorous Congressmen betrayed their oaths to the Constitution and the people, by passing the Federal Reserved Act into law. This act effectively transferred the fiduciary responsibility of Congress to "coin" and regulate money (as provided for in the constitution), into the hands of a private International corporation. The Federal Reserve, masquerading as a benevolent government agency, was now firmly in control of the American money supply. The financial elite then conjured their private script, the Federal Reserve Note (FRN), into public script, and it became the world reserve currency, pegged to the price of oil. After a manufactured boom and bust cycle that sparked the first Great Depression in 1929, President Roosevelt, in 1933, declared the US Federal government bankrupt. The gold standard was rescinded, private gold confiscated and the private ownership of gold bullion and nuggets outlawed. All gold backed currency was withdrawn and exchanged for new Federal Reserve Notes. This new money was not backed by gold or anything of substance. It was created by "decree" (out of thin air) as a fiat currency and continues to be based on the hypothecated future lifetime productivity of the American people. The country's civil common law courts were replaced in 1938, by Admiralty or "Statutory" courts based on International contract law as defined today by the Uniform Commercial Code, which supersedes the constitution in these venues.
How the Fictional World Came to Be [cont’d]
Federal Reserve system, who turn out to be the same group of people who run the United Nations, the World Bank, Bank of International Settlements, the International Monetary Fund, etc, etc. All the wars fought in the past century were to control resources and capture financial control of "rouge" nations by installing central banks connected to the global economic system of control we are operating under today, and which is failing or succeeding brilliantly, depending upon which side you are on. This criminal cabal hijacked control of the American money supply in 1913, the government in 1933 and the courts in 1938. The Social Security system was established at this time to register a nd bond all their collateral (us and all our stuff!). The IRS was created to collect the interest (tribute) on the (totally fake and made-up) national debt, 100% of which goes off-shore to increase the already bursting coffers of the International banking cartel. So, in this fictional world of illusion reflected to us through the looking-glass, the power structure hierarchy seems to begin on an international level with the United Nations, that coordinate with the Federal Government, that rules over the States, that governs the Counties, that runs the Municipalities, that dictates to the PERSONS.
People Are NOT Persons, People HAVE Persons
People, human beings with living souls, are not persons. A person is a corporate legal fiction, created for us by government, to be used as a token or playing piece, which allows a natural person to play and participate in the fictional game of commerce. You can tell the difference between you and your person by the spelling of the name. Your name in all capital letters, JANE Q DOE is the corporate person, as opposed to the natural person, spelled properly, Jane-Quinn: Doe. The corporate person exists only on paper. All documents issued by banks, governments or courts are addressed to the all capital letters name, the corporate fiction, not the flesh and blood human. We need to remember who we are and make a distinction between the two.
Law and Rights
Social Security as a Trust
Our Social Security accounts are "Cestui que" (ses-tee-kay) Trusts. We are "those who trust", for whom the trust was created, who benefit from the trust and who will receive payments or future distributions from the trust's assets. A trust, like an estate, can be represented by a trinity.
The Executor or Administrator is appointed to administer the trust (estate), to ensure the person for whom the trust was created has their wishes carried out in regards to the distribution of the assets of the estate.
The Trustee manages the property and assets held in trust for the benefit of the Beneficiary as provided for by the terms of the document that created it.
The Beneficiary is the one for whom the trust was created and who is entitled to beneficial interest in the trust's property and assets.
We can see the flow of credit into the system of commerce like a trust trinity:
The people as Beneficiaries generate the credit, which is accessed by the government as Administrators, who develop and sell technology and make loans to corporations who are the Trustees. The corporations as Trustees manage and dispense the assets of the trust in the for of prepaid products and services to us, the Beneficiaries. This is how the system flow should work for the benefit of the people in the real world.
Somehow, the Powers That Be neglected to tell us we were suppose to claim our legal right to this trust. Had we known, we would have retained our beneficial interest, and the government and corporations would be answerable to the people for the management of the trust and its assets.
Sadly, this trust system was usurped away from the benefit of the people. It was injected into the fictional Statutory system where it was twisted and misused by corrupt governments and greedy corporations to create fantastic wealth for themselves and perpetual servitude for us.
So the fictional version's reflection of this system goes: The government created a trust assigned to us that they Administrate. The people are the Trustees of the trust, and the government and their corporate interests are the Beneficiaries. This means we as Trustees are bound to serve them as Administrators to ensure they as Beneficiaries receive everything they think they can squeeze out of us.
This system within Statute law sees you as a surety (guarantor of payment or performance) and accommodating party (third party holder of money or property for a short period of time) on behalf of the Corporate Person, whom they can use and exploit anyway they want, because it is nothing more than a soulless fictional entity that they created. We need to make a claim to our trusts and take back control of our persons, to ensure the Administrators and Trustees work for the beneficial interest of the people! This is how the system was originally intended to operate. All we need to do is claim our rights.
Legal Jurisdictions
The US Constitution mentions three jurisdictions in which courts may operate: Common law; Equity law; and Admiralty or Maritime law. Prior to the Federal Government declaring bankruptcy in 1933, the law of the land and Her people was upheld in common law courts. After 1938, all courts in America became Statute or Admiralty courts administrating the bankruptcy proceedings on behalf of the Creditors.
Common Law
Common law applies in civil cases (not criminal cases), as a means of compensating someone for intentional or negligent wrongful acts, known as torts, and resolving contract disputes. It provides remedy and recourse within the law. As a court of record using case law, common law proceedings are based on centuries of tradition, custom and precedent. There is an independent magistrate who conducts trials by jury, and counsel is not required to have a license. Individuals "present" themselves and their case. The law is simple to understand and is conveyed in language comprehensible to everyone.
Common law is based on God's law, the 10 commandments and The Golden Rule: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." The Moto: Do No Harm.
The individual is free to do as they choose so long as they do not infringe on the life, liberty or property of anyone else. There must be an injured party or damaged property for there to be a crime. Individuals cannot be "compelled to perform" against their will. Violation of common law is punishable as a criminal offense.
Equity Law
In equity law, you can be compelled to perform to the letter of any contract you willingly entered into and, if you don't comply you are in contempt of court, which is a criminal action.
Admiralty or Maritime Law
The courts of International contracts and commerce, Admiralty is also known as Statue or Statutory law. Based on "International Law, Merchant Law" codes, it provides criminal penalties for not adhering to the letter of a valid International contract. Admiralty law can seize your property through fines and fees, take away your liberty through incarceration, and even deprived you of your very life through the death penalty. It is a civil jurisdiction of compelled performance. The Moto: Do As Your Told. All statutes, acts, by-laws, ordinances, orders, summons, covenants, codes, fines, fees, and penalties are part of Admiralty law. The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), in effect since 1966, is now the law of the land in all jurisdictions dealing with International commercial contracts and recognizes the validity of common law and equity jurisdictions in addition to Admiralty.
Colorable Jurisdiction
Statutory jurisdiction was created as a colorable jurisdiction to enforce colorable contracts using colorable money. "Color" is a legal term meaning "something that has the pretense or appearance of being legal but is in fact not legal, and which may actually operate in violation of law." Federal Reserve Notes are colorable money because they are not backed by anything of substance such as gold or silver, therefore contracts based on FRN, although having the appearance of being genuine, are invalid and unenforceable in common law.
Legalese is a Coded Language
Legalese is not English written in a complicated way, it is a separate coded language where words are redefined, so when a lay-person reads legal documents, they have one understanding, whereas lawyers and courts read and understand something different.
Example:
The Internal Revenue Code, written in legalese, redefines the words "citizen" to mean "Federal employee", and "income" to mean "corporate profits and dividends". So when the code says "all citizens' income is taxable", what it actually means is, only Federal employees are required to pay Federal taxes, and only on income derived from corporate profits. When read correctly in legalese, this law does not apply to private citizens in any of the 50 States or their personal income. If we mistake the words for English and voluntarily file a Federal tax return believing the law applies to us, we are submitting to their jurisdiction and are obliged to obey every single rule and regulation.
Benefits and Privileges
Benefits and Privileges are granted by government, who can also take them away. Under the Uniform Commercial Code used in all Statutory courts, if you accept a benefit offered by the government, then you are obligated to follow, to the letter, each and every statute involved with the benefit. Written contacts are not even necessary. Agreements are binding and your compelled performance is presumed or implied by accepting the benefit. Once the benefit is accepted, you have effectively waived your natural and common law rights and forfeit the right to call on them at a later time.
Natural Rights Are Protected by Law
Natural rights are those which humans possess from birth as a gift from the Creator prior to the formation of government or law. The purpose of creating government was to uphold and protect our natural rights to life, liberty, property, the pursuit of happiness, freedom of thought and expression, equality before the law, freedom to travel on public roads, to marry, etc. Our absolute natural rights to personal security, individual liberty, and ownership of private property exists independent of any government and can not be infringed upon by any corporate fiction.
Claim Right and Liberty Right
A claim right involves responsibilities, duties, or obligations on the part of others regarding the right-holder (claimant). In contrast, a liberty right requires no obligations from others, only freedom or permission from the right-holder. In other words, a person can do anything they choose so long as it is not specifically prohibited from being done due to a prior claim, and, a person must do all the things (s)he is specifically obligated to do as a result of a prior claim (or contract).
Reservation of Rights
To ensure that your natural right are not trumped by statute laws, anytime you sign your name, include below your signature "Authorized Representative. All Rights Reserved Without Prejudice, UCC 1-207". This statement means that you do not agree to, and can not be compelled to perform according to any unrevealed contract that you did not enter into knowingly and intentionally, and you are reserving your rights in common law, where there must be an injured party or property damage for there to be a crime. Once you reserve your rights in common law, you can not be charged in a Statute court because the statement makes the document inadmissible under Admiralty. (If you want to use the document in court, then leave this out.)
Going To Court as an Authorized Representative
If you have reserved your rights under common law without prejudice per UCC 1-207 (UCC 1-308 IN MOST JURISDICTIONS NOW), you can not be charged in Statute jurisdiction, unless you agree to submit to their authority. If you receive a summons to attend court, it is for your corporate person, not you. When they call out a name in court, they are not calling you, John Doe the human, they are calling your corporate name, JOHN Q. DOE CORPORATION, which is created, owned and controlled by the courts under Statute jurisdiction.
If you stand up and affirm that you are your corporate name, you have agreed to be a surety or accommodating party for the legal fiction and have just pledged to submit to the statutory jurisdiction of that court. If you declare yourself as the Authorized Representative acting on behalf of that entity, but separate and distinct from the "Person" they want to charge, and they can not get you to admit/agree that you are that person, they can't proceed. If the judge asks for your name and you give it to him (or you do something he says like remove your hat), you are agreeing to submit to his authority. The one who asks the questions is the one in control. Respond with a question. Ask who is making the claim against that name? This would be the prosecutor who is responsible for court costs unless you agree to be that person, so they will not want to answer. Try asking if the court is common law, equity or Admiralty jurisdiction?
If they proceed by reading the charges against your person and then ask if you understand them, they are asking you to stand under their authority. If you say "Yes I understand", you have again confirmed their authority. You can say "No, I don't understand", in which case, they are not able to proceed. Can anyone really swear an oath on a bible in a Statute court that dictates common law authority? In Statute court you are either guilty or not guilty. You can only be found "innocent" in a common law court. Even if you go all the way through to a judge issuing a sentence, when they ask you if you have anything to say, you can state that you do not accept his judgment, ruling and jurisdiction. Again, you do not accept his authority over you, you do not understand his ruling. The court can not proceed with judgment without your understanding and agreement to its authority.
Marriage in Admiralty = Commercial Sexual Contract
The right to marry is a natural right that existed thousands of years prior to the formation of any government. Under Statutory jurisdiction, a marriage is a three party international commercial contract with the State/court being the primary party and the husband and wife being the secondary parties. Applying for a Statutory marriage license is asking permission to enter into a commercial sexual contract, where, in the case of dissolution, the State/court makes all finial decisions regarding the issue (outcome and results) of the union, namely kids and property. The court decides how the property will be separated and what happens to the kids.
Kids Belong to the State, We Are Just The Caretakers
When our parents registered our live birth with the State, we became bonded Wards-of-the- Court. The State holds power of attorney over us and our trusts until the age of majority (at which point we are suppose to claim our rights or remain incompetent under law), and our parents received a birth certificate as evidence of their role as caretakers. Courts decide the fate of children. State sponsored Child Protective Services can and do remove children from their homes for any reason at any time, because under Admiralty law, children belong to the State not the parents, as evidenced by the bonded birth certificate.
Driving and Traveling on Public Roads
The Motor Vehicles Act uses legalese to define "motor vehicles" as commercial vehicles used to transport passengers and/or cargo for profit, and as such must be state owned and regulated. Automobiles, on the other hand, are private property used for personal non-commercial and pleasure purposes. No law compels a person to pledge their private automobile over to the state, yet when we register our cars at the DMV, we are transferring ownership, and receiving a certificate of registration and permission to use the vehicle in exchange. (The issuer of the certificate is the owner, the holder in due course has permission to use and possess the item.) We have the natural right to travel on public roads in privately owned automobiles, yet we believe we must have a license to drive. A license is permission to do something that would otherwise be illegal. In legalese, a driver's license is not proof of competency to operate a vehicle, but rather it is evidence of State employment. In order to drive a State owned vehicle you must be a State employee, therefore, we are required to carry a State issued Driver's license to drive our own cars. Possession of your automobile's original Manufacturers Certificate of Origin is evidence of private ownership. The only way to get the MCO is by purchasing a new vehicle in cash directly from the manufacturer, or by building a car from salvage parts and creating a new MCO. Once a vehicle has been financed and/or registered with the State, it can never be converted back to private ownership. The Global Power Structure
Lawyers Esquires and Titles of Nobility
Lawyers practice international contract law under Admiralty Maritime (Statutory) jurisdiction, and are officers of the court. They swear an oath to the BAR Association, British Accredited Registrar, part of the British Crown. They are referred to as "Esquire" which is a British Nobility title, one level below a Knight or Sir. All "titles of nobility" were prohibited in both Article VI of the Articles of Confederation (1777) and in Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution of the United States (1778), which states: "If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive or retain any title of nobility or honor... from any emperor, king, prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust of profit ..." Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani received a British Knighthood from Queen Elizabeth ll in recognition of his work following the September 11th terrorist attacks, as did George Bush Sr. for his involvement in the first Iraqi war. These are honors and titles bestowed by a foreign power, so where does their loyalty lay? Today, 85% of politicians are lawyers, all of whom have taken an oath to the court and the Crown beforethe American people. According to the founding fathers, all lawyers should renounce their BAR association and title or be stripped of their citizenship and barred from holding public office.
Virginia Corporation = America Inc. Owned by the British Crown
The Virginia Company of London was created by King James l in 1609 as a chartered joint-stock corporation to collect tribute from the colonies, to benefit himself and his heirs and successors for perpetuity. Over time, several companies were consolidated and by 1783 became known as "America, Inc.". Wholly owned by the British Crown corporation, America, Inc. continues to claim all gold, silver and copper mineral rights in North America, as well as ownership of all the land in fee simple, and we in "the colonies" still pay 35% taxes, or tribute to the Crown, for the privilege of being tenants on the land that was claimed by an English King more than 400 years ago. The Crown may have conceded to independent government in the Americas in 1776, but firmly maintained financial and economic control through to present day where we still pay tribute, with the IRS acting as collection agent on behalf of the International Monetary Fund, working on behalf of the United Nations.
The United Nations, International Monetary Fund World Government The United Nations (UN) Assembly Council has operated as a form of One World Super Government since 1948 and has financed the operations of the United States government for over 60 years. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), an agency of the United Nations, runs the US Treasury and issues Social Security Numbers. Form SS5, the application for a Social Security number, is issued by the Department of the Treasury under the IMF, not the Social Security Administration. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is a private corporation, incorporated in Delaware and operating out of the Federal district of Puerto Rico. It functions as an accounting office and collection agency on behalf of the Federal Reserve, a private central bank, and is NOT a government agency. The United States is a corporation, not a land mass. The Act of 1871 established the privately owned US Federal Government Corporation within the District of Columbia, owned by certain International banking families and aristocracy of Europe and Britain.
The Global Power Structure of the Three City-States
There are three independent City-States that exist as a power trinity of domination and global control. They each maintain their positions by supporting the others and have done so for centuries and generations. Each occupy territory within a host country to whom they pay no taxes for the privilege, and they each mark their territory with Egyptian obelisks, denoting their source and allegiance.
They are:
District of Columbia in Washington: The political, military-industrial complex, the war machine run by the US Federal Government and the President.
City of London: The economic, financial, banking center, runs commerce, supported by the Crown Corporation and the British Monarchy.
Vatican City in Rome: Religion and law. Admiralty courts operate under Roman law within cannon or ecclesiastical jurisdiction, ruled by the Catholic Church and headed up by the Pope. Law is dispensed by Judges (in priests robes) and clerks (clerics). (Think witch trials and the Holy Inquisition.)
Federal Districts
Washington DC, Guam, American Samoa, US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico are all Federal districts (territories) subject to Federal law. All 50 States are independent and exist outside Federal territory/district. The Feds have tried to circumvent this inconvenience by assigning ZIP (postal) codes and two letter State codes (AZ = Arizona as a Federal territory), as proof of Federal authority via the US Postal Service, a agency of the Federal government.
Police Play Dual Roles - Peace Officer and Policy Enforcement Officer
Peace Officers work for the people to maintain peace under common law in civil jurisdiction. They must witness someone disturbing the peace in order to intervene and there must be damaged property or an injured party for there to be a crime. A Policy Enforcement Officer works for the corporate government to enforce statues, impose fines, serve warrants and arrest code breakers in (criminal) Admiralty jurisdiction.
Money, Credit and Commerce
Real Money vs Fiat Money
Real money, according to the Constitution, is gold and silver. Pre-1933 American paper currency was receipts that could be traded in for an equivalent amount in gold. Federal Reserve Notes being based on the hypothicated productivity of people and a promise to pay, rather than anything of substance, is fiat money, basically IOU's. Bills can not be paid with a debt note, they can only be discharged (the obligation to pay the debt is transferred to someone else).
Humans Create Money and Credit
We humans are the creators of all the material wealth and assets in the real world, and all the credit in the fictional world. We lend our energy in the form of credit, conveyed by a transmitting utility, the person. The credit is then borrowed by government to create money that fuels the entire fictional world system of commerce. The government, in exchange for using our credit, have made us beneficiaries of a trust created by and for the government who are the administrators of the trust on our behalf. Essentially, as beneficiaries, we are single share stockholders in the corporate government and as such entitled to receive a share of the common wealth in the form of dividends and profits.
Your Signature Creates Money
In the fictional world of commerce, it is our signature that actually creates money and credit. Whenever you sign your name to something, it becomes a contract, and if it has a serial number on it, it becomes a debt to the government. Corporate fictions can not create credit, only human beings can. Banks and lending institutions do not extend their credit, they have none. What they offer is access to your own credit which is created with your signature. This "money" did not exist before you signed the paper.
Negotiable Instruments
Article 3 of the UCC defines a negotiable instrument as a promise or order for the payment of a fixed amount of money. A draft, or bill of exchange, is an instrument that orders payment to be made. A check or money order is an example of a draft. A note, also called a promissory note, is an instrument that promises payment will be made. Certificates of Deposit (CD's) and mortgages are notes. A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals, also known as securities. A bill or invoice is a commercial document with payment terms for monies owed or owing. Drafts, notes, bonds and bills are negotiable financial instruments representing financial value. Since payment is promised, the instrument can be used by the holder in due course as a store of value for deferred payment. In other words, everything we think of as money is nothing more than numbers on paper, and a signature and promise to pay. Creating an IOU and giving it to someone allows them to pretend they hold something of value that they can then leverage and convert into more.
Fractional Reserve Lending
Banks expand the money supply and create money out a thin air by making fractional reserve loans. Banks are obligated to maintain only 10% cash reserves on hand, while lending out 90% of our money at interest to others.
For Example:
If you deposit $1000 into your bank account, the bank will credit your account for $1000, which shows as an asset on their books. They can then lend $900 of that out to others. If you withdraw your $1000 the next day and the bank has already loaned out the $900, their books will still be considered balanced because they will get the $900 back plus interest. The bank created this money as a bookkeeping entry without the requirement of anything of value backing it but a signature and promise to pay.
Dept. of Commerce Issues Bonds Against Our Birth Certificates
When our parents registered our live birth, they were issued a certificate from the government bearing a serial number and our name written in all capital letters. This certificate was turned into a bond by the Department of Commerce and used as part of the collateral against which Treasury notes are issued. With these bonds, the energy and productivity of the people was harnessed. Labor was taxed, with the promise of future labor and taxes, and thus the people became enslaved by a fictional system.
Serial Numbers as Commercial Value
All material things have been assessed and assigned a commercial value, which is evidence of a prior claim or lien. Everything we think we own can be identified by a serial number: all household appliances and products, your car VIN, traffic tickets, dollar bills, bank accounts, credit cards, mortgages. We as human resources have also been assigned commercial value through serial numbers, which appear on everything we think represents us: birth certificate, driver's license, Social Security cards, all of which are connected to account numbers and trusts (with the government holding power-of-attorney). All collateralized things with serial numbers, including bills and bonds, are issued with a prior commercial claim against them, because each represents a portion of the national debt against which all of our assets, energy and productivity have been pledged, in indentured servitude to the system.
Distribution of Money
With access to vast amounts of credit held in trust for the people, the government creates Treasury bonds (IOU's), gives them to the Federal Reserve Central Bank who makes loans in Federal Reserve Notes back to the government (from money created out of thin air) for the principle, plus interest. The government distributes this money to the banks to provide credit in the form of interest-bearing loans to businesses and individuals. Banks lend our credit back to us on a fractional reserve basis, with compounding interest that can never be repaid without borrowing more.
Ownership or Temporary Possession
We can't actually pay for anything with a debt note. We can only charge or discharge and exchange possession of things by trading papers with serial numbers. We have the right to use and possess the property so long as we have a government issued piece of paper giving us permission. The Creditors could, at any time, legally confiscate all property because it is all considered collateral on the debt that they claim.
Credit as Usury
The Bible forbids usury, which is defined as the practice of charging excessive, unreasonably high, and often illegal interest rates on loans. Today, a $100,000 fixed rate mortgage at 10% over thirty years will cost $300,000 in interest plus the principle. The entire balance can be called in as due and payable with one late payment, and your home can be foreclosed on with even $1 owing. (And even if you own your home outright mortgage-free, you still must pay property taxes [tribute] or risk losing your home.) Credit card companies (banks) regularly issue credit cards with 23 - 29% compounding interest. It can take years of making minimum monthly payments to pay down even a small balance. (Again, these are loans floated against our own credit!)
Prepaid Products
As part of their function, government uses the people's credit to develop new technologies, like computers, cell phones and the Internet, etc. By rights these products and services should be made available to the people for free, as prepaid, but instead the government sells the distribution rights to private corporations who make the products and/or services available to the people, for a price. If the government was actually working for the people, then all technologies, products and services made possible by borrowing against the energy and credit of the people, would be made available back to the people free of charge, having already been prepaid in exchange for the access to and use of our (original issue of) credit. Instead companies provide their products and services to the people for a fee, and people receive bills and pay the company in FRN for services that were already funded by our own credit. When you mail in the payment coupon with a check for FRN, you are paying double for what was already yours.
Solutions In Law and Commerce
You Have An Exemption Account to Discharge Debt
House Joint Resolution 192, June 5, 1933 established a check and balance within Statutory jurisdiction under the new bankruptcy system. The American people were responsible for paying the Federal government's debts, in exchange for the Feds offsetting our personal debts "dollar for dollar" with a tax exemption account that operates as a trust. Each birth certificate is connected to a trust and an exemption account, and was to be claimed by the individual at the age of majority and used to discharge their debts. There is a Public exemption account represented by your NAME in all capital letters and your Social Security Number with dashes: 123-45-6789. There is also your Private exemption account held by the US Treasury with your human name, not in all capital letters, and your Social Security Number without dashes. The original intention was that we were to use the private account to charge, and the public account to discharge debt. Without the discharge process, the national debt is never actually paid down. Passing FRN around only delays payment, it doesn't effect it.
Maxims of Law
A Maxim of Law is "an established principle of law universally admitted as being a correct statement, or as agreeable to reason." Black's Law Dictionary.
Examples:
A workman is worthy of his hire.
It is against equity for freemen not to have the free disposal of their own property.
All are equal under the law. No one is above the law
In commerce truth is sovereign. To lie is to go against the mind.
Truth is expressed by means of an affidavit. Sworn truth.
An unrebutted affidavit stands as the truth in commerce. He who does not deny, admits.
An unrebutted affidavit becomes the judgment in commerce.
A matter must be expressed to be resolved. He who fails to assert his rights, has none.
He who leaves the battlefield first loses by default. He who does not repel a wrong when he can, occasions it.
Sacrifice is the measure of credibility. He who bears the burden ought also to derive the benefit.
A lien or claim can be satisfied only through rebuttal by Counter-affidavit point-for-point, resolution by jury, or payment. If the plaintiff does not prove his case, the defendant is absolved. It is a maxim of American law that any statute contrary to the constitution, which is the supreme law of the land, is null and void and no citizen is bound to obey an unconstitutional law. An affidavit is a written declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized officer giving the document legal status and force of law.
Contracts and Contracting
All commerce and all law is based on contracts. We all possess the unlimited right to contract with anyone else. There are several requirements that must be met for a contract to be considered valid: There must be offer and acceptance between parties. There must be signatures of both (all) parties on the agreement. There must be an exchange of valuable consideration. Both parties receive something of value. There must be full disclosure. All terms and conditions must be conveyed. Contracts must be entered into voluntarily, knowingly and intentionally. Coercion invalidates a contract. There must be a reasonable guarantee of performance. For example: A "little person" could not guarantee to reasonably perform the tasks required of a professional basketball player. Contracts involving minors, contraband or signed under duress are unenforceable. No third party can intervene in a valid contract, terms can not be changed and rights can not be transferred without the authorization and approval of both (all) involved parties.
Honor and Dishonor in Contracts
There is an administrative process in place that enables parties to resolve their own issues and disputes without involving the courts. Both parties must remain in honor in the process or lose by default. A presentment is an offer to contract. You may respond with honor or dishonor. To respond in honor, you must either: accept the presentment; accept with conditions, also called a counter-offer; or refuse and return the offer with honor (within the proper time frame). To be in dishonor, you would either: ignore the presentment (which is a form of acceptance); or disagree and argue the terms. In either case, there is a dispute that turns into a controversy that must be settled in court by a judge.
Example:
You receive a letter that says, "According to our records you owe us, Company X, $10,000.00. Please contact us within 30-days to make payment arrangements, or the entire balance will be due and payable in full." This is an offer to contract. If you accept their terms, you make payment arrangements and are thereafter subject to all their rules and regulations regarding that agreement for as long as you owe them. If you accept with conditions, you reply within 30-days with a counter-offer. "I agree to pay the full amount you claim I own if you produce a document with my signature that proves I am legally liable to you, Company X, for this alleged debt." If they are a collection agency, also known as a third party interloper, who was never a party to the original agreement, they will not be able to produce proof. So if they do not respond within 30-days with proof of claim, they are in dishonor, repudiate the debt and lose by default. Now you just need to complete the proper notification process (as detailed in the Administrative Process section below), and your position is legal and solid. If the original contract proves valid and enforceable, your counter-offer could be: to pay a reduced amount; or upgrade; or trade; or some other more agreeable terms. If they accept your counter-offer, you sign a new agreement and honor those terms. If you submit a valid form of payment (negotiable instrument) they must accept it as payment. If they keep it, the bill is discharged. If they return your valid payment instrument, or refuse an offer to pay, you are no longer obligated to the debt. If you are making a minimum payment and an effort to pay, they can not take any action against you. If you refuse and return the presentment within the 30-day period based on a flaw in calculation or error in the offer, they must correct and re-present their offer, beginning anew. You must return the original document with your refusal. If you keep it, you accept it. If you ignore the presentment and do not respond within the 30-day period, you have effectively agreed to all the terms as presented and are now liable for the full Ten Grand. If you argue, before or after ignoring the presentment; within or past the 30-day period, it becomes a controversy that must be settled in court.
Administrative Process
You must properly document all contact and interaction with anyone wishing to contract with you. If anyone calls you on the phone, record their name, number, date and time of call. Instruct them to stop calling, that all future contact must be made in writing. Record the date and time of all calls after this, even if you don't answer them.
You will require proof of delivery so send all correspondence via certified mail. Go to the post office and pick up six or more green certified mail receipts and return receipts before you begin (or print the delivery notice from the USPS tracking web site), then include the receipt number in the heading of all your letters, so there can be no doubt what certified mail number goes with what letter.
If you are dealing with a creditor, they have by law, according to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, thirty days to respond with proof of claim or repudiate the debt. Otherwise, you can give them say ten or fourteen days to respond to your counter-offer. If they do not respond within the prescribed period of time, or they respond but do not provide the required proof of claim (or whatever your counter-offer requires), you mail a Notice of Fault and Opportunity to Cure, which they must respond to within the ten day period or be in default and dishonor.
If they do not respond, you mail them a Notice of Default with Final Opportunity to Cure. If they do not respond, you mail a Finial Notice of Default and Certificate of Dishonor. This finial document should detail all the facts of the case to include all contacts and the steps of your process
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